| 2022 | ICLR | Exposing the Implicit Energy Networks behind Masked Language Models via Metropolis--Hastings. | Kartik Goyal, Chris Dyer, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick |
| 2022 | ICLR | Enabling Arbitrary Translation Objectives with Adaptive Tree Search. | Wang Ling, Wojciech Stokowiec, Domenic Donato, Chris Dyer, Lei Yu, Laurent Sartran, Austin Matthews |
| 2021 | ACL | Diverse Pretrained Context Encodings Improve Document Translation. | Domenic Donato, Lei Yu, Chris Dyer |
| 2021 | ACL | Better Chinese Sentence Segmentation with Reinforcement Learning. | Srivatsan Srinivasan, Chris Dyer |
| 2021 | NAACL | Game-theoretic Vocabulary Selection via the Shapley Value and Banzhaf Index. | Roma Patel, Marta Garnelo, Ian Gemp, Chris Dyer, Yoram Bachrach |
| 2020 | ACL | Learning to Segment Actions from Observation and Narration. | Daniel Fried, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Stephen Clark, Aida Nematzadeh |
| 2020 | ACL | A Probabilistic Generative Model for Typographical Analysis of Early Modern Printing. | Kartik Goyal, Chris Dyer, Christopher N. Warren, Max G'Sell, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick |
| 2020 | AMTA | One System, Many Domains: Open-Domain Statistical Machine Translation via Feature Augmentation. | Jonathan H. Clark, Alon Lavie, Chris Dyer |
| 2020 | EMNLP | Learning Robust and Multilingual Speech Representations. | Kazuya Kawakami, Luyu Wang, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom, Aron van den Oord |
| 2019 | ACL | Learning to Discover, Ground and Use Words with Segmental Neural Language Models. | Kazuya Kawakami, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom |
| 2019 | ACL | Compound Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars for Grammar Induction. | Yoon Kim, Chris Dyer, Alexander M. Rush |
| 2019 | ACL | Scalable Syntax-Aware Language Models Using Knowledge Distillation. | Adhiguna Kuncoro, Chris Dyer, Laura Rimell, Stephen Clark, Phil Blunsom |
| 2019 | CoNLL | Comparing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Neural Generative Dependency Models. | Austin Matthews, Graham Neubig, Chris Dyer |
| 2019 | EMNLP | Text Genre and Training Data Size in Human-like Parsing. | John T. Hale, Adhiguna Kuncoro, Keith Hall, Chris Dyer, Jonathan Brennan |
| 2019 | EMNLP | Achieving Verified Robustness to Symbol Substitutions via Interval Bound Propagation. | Po-Sen Huang, Robert Stanforth, Johannes Welbl, Chris Dyer, Dani Yogatama, Sven Gowal, Krishnamurthy Dvijotham, Pushmeet Kohli |
| 2019 | NAACL | An Empirical Investigation of Global and Local Normalization for Recurrent Neural Sequence Models Using a Continuous Relaxation to Beam Search. | Kartik Goyal, Chris Dyer, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick |
| 2019 | NAACL | Unsupervised Recurrent Neural Network Grammars. | Yoon Kim, Alexander M. Rush, Lei Yu, Adhiguna Kuncoro, Chris Dyer, Gbor Melis |
| 2018 | AAAI | A Continuous Relaxation of Beam Search for End-to-End Training of Neural Sequence Models. | Kartik Goyal, Graham Neubig, Chris Dyer, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick |
| 2018 | ACL | LSTMs Can Learn Syntax-Sensitive Dependencies Well, But Modeling Structure Makes Them Better. | Adhiguna Kuncoro, Chris Dyer, John Hale, Dani Yogatama, Stephen Clark, Phil Blunsom |
| 2018 | ACL | Finding syntax in human encephalography with beam search. | John T. Hale, Chris Dyer, Adhiguna Kuncoro, Jonathan Brennan |
| 2018 | EMNLP | Syntactic Scaffolds for Semantic Structures. | Swabha Swayamdipta, Sam Thomson, Kenton Lee, Luke Zettlemoyer, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2018 | ICLR | On the State of the Art of Evaluation in Neural Language Models. | Gbor Melis, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom |
| 2018 | ICLR | Memory Architectures in Recurrent Neural Network Language Models. | Dani Yogatama, Yishu Miao, Gbor Melis, Wang Ling, Adhiguna Kuncoro, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom |
| 2018 | ICML | Fast Parametric Learning with Activation Memorization. | Jack W. Rae, Chris Dyer, Peter Dayan, Timothy P. Lillicrap |
| 2018 | NAACL | Using Morphological Knowledge in Open-Vocabulary Neural Language Models. | Austin Matthews, Graham Neubig, Chris Dyer |
| 2017 | ACL | Ontology-Aware Token Embeddings for Prepositional Phrase Attachment. | Pradeep Dasigi, Waleed Ammar, Chris Dyer, Eduard H. Hovy |
| 2017 | ACL | Differentiable Scheduled Sampling for Credit Assignment. | Kartik Goyal, Chris Dyer, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick |
| 2017 | ACL | Learning to Create and Reuse Words in Open-Vocabulary Neural Language Modeling. | Kazuya Kawakami, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom |
| 2017 | ACL | Program Induction by Rationale Generation: Learning to Solve and Explain Algebraic Word Problems. | Wang Ling, Dani Yogatama, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom |
| 2017 | CoNLL | Should Neural Network Architecture Reflect Linguistic Structure? | Chris Dyer |
| 2017 | EACL | Neural Machine Translation with Recurrent Attention Modeling. | Zichao Yang, Zhiting Hu, Yuntian Deng, Chris Dyer, Alexander J. Smola |
| 2017 | EACL | What Do Recurrent Neural Network Grammars Learn About Syntax? | Adhiguna Kuncoro, Miguel Ballesteros, Lingpeng Kong, Chris Dyer, Graham Neubig, Noah A. Smith |
| 2017 | EMNLP | Reference-Aware Language Models. | Zichao Yang, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Wang Ling |
| 2017 | ICLR | Learning to Compose Words into Sentences with Reinforcement Learning. | Dani Yogatama, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Edward Grefenstette, Wang Ling |
| 2017 | ICLR | The Neural Noisy Channel. | Lei Yu, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Edward Grefenstette, Toms Kocisk |
| 2017 | Interspeech | Multitask Learning with CTC and Segmental CRF for Speech Recognition. | Liang Lu, Lingpeng Kong, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2016 | AAAI | Modeling Evolving Relationships Between Characters in Literary Novels. | Snigdha Chaturvedi, Shashank Srivastava, Hal Daum III, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | ACL | Synthesizing Compound Words for Machine Translation. | Austin Matthews, Eva Schlinger, Alon Lavie, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | ACL | Learning the Curriculum with Bayesian Optimization for Task-Specific Word Representation Learning. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Manaal Faruqui, Wang Ling, Brian MacWhinney, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | ACL | Cross-lingual Models of Word Embeddings: An Empirical Comparison. | Shyam Upadhyay, Manaal Faruqui, Chris Dyer, Dan Roth |
| 2016 | COLING | Named Entity Recognition for Linguistic Rapid Response in Low-Resource Languages: Sorani Kurdish and Tajik. | Patrick Littell, Kartik Goyal, David R. Mortensen, Alexa Little, Chris Dyer, Lori S. Levin |
| 2016 | COLING | PanPhon: A Resource for Mapping IPA Segments to Articulatory Feature Vectors. | David R. Mortensen, Patrick Littell, Akash Bharadwaj, Kartik Goyal, Chris Dyer, Lori S. Levin |
| 2016 | COLING | The Role of Context in Neural Morphological Disambiguation. | Qinlan Shen, Daniel Clothiaux, Emily Tagtow, Patrick Littell, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | CoNLL | Greedy, Joint Syntactic-Semantic Parsing with Stack LSTMs. | Swabha Swayamdipta, Miguel Ballesteros, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Training with Exploration Improves a Greedy Stack LSTM Parser. | Miguel Ballesteros, Yoav Goldberg, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Phonologically Aware Neural Model for Named Entity Recognition in Low Resource Transfer Settings. | Akash Bharadwaj, David R. Mortensen, Chris Dyer, Jaime G. Carbonell |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Transition-Based Dependency Parsing with Heuristic Backtracking. | Jacob Buckman, Miguel Ballesteros, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Posterior regularization for Joint Modeling of Multiple Structured Prediction Tasks with Soft Constraints. | Kartik Goyal, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Character Sequence Models for Colorful Words. | Kazuya Kawakami, Chris Dyer, Bryan R. Routledge, Noah A. Smith |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Semantic Parsing with Semi-Supervised Sequential Autoencoders. | Toms Kocisk, Gbor Melis, Edward Grefenstette, Chris Dyer, Wang Ling, Phil Blunsom, Karl Moritz Hermann |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Distilling an Ensemble of Greedy Dependency Parsers into One MST Parser. | Adhiguna Kuncoro, Miguel Ballesteros, Lingpeng Kong, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2016 | EMNLP | Generalizing and Hybridizing Count-based and Neural Language Models. | Graham Neubig, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | Interspeech | Segmental Recurrent Neural Networks for End-to-End Speech Recognition. | Liang Lu, Lingpeng Kong, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith, Steve Renals |
| 2016 | LREC | Bridge-Language Capitalization Inference in Western Iranian: Sorani, Kurmanji, Zazaki, and Tajik. | Patrick Littell, David R. Mortensen, Kartik Goyal, Chris Dyer, Lori S. Levin |
| 2016 | NAACL | Incorporating Structural Alignment Biases into an Attentional Neural Translation Model. | Trevor Cohn, Cong Duy Vu Hoang, Ekaterina Vymolova, Kaisheng Yao, Chris Dyer, Gholamreza Haffari |
| 2016 | NAACL | Recurrent Neural Network Grammars. | Chris Dyer, Adhiguna Kuncoro, Miguel Ballesteros, Noah A. Smith |
| 2016 | NAACL | Morphological Inflection Generation Using Character Sequence to Sequence Learning. | Manaal Faruqui, Yulia Tsvetkov, Graham Neubig, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | NAACL | Generation from Abstract Meaning Representation using Tree Transducers. | Jeffrey Flanigan, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith, Jaime G. Carbonell |
| 2016 | NAACL | Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognition. | Guillaume Lample, Miguel Ballesteros, Sandeep Subramanian, Kazuya Kawakami, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | NAACL | Polyglot Neural Language Models: A Case Study in Cross-Lingual Phonetic Representation Learning. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Sunayana Sitaram, Manaal Faruqui, Guillaume Lample, Patrick Littell, David R. Mortensen, Alan W. Black, Lori S. Levin, Chris Dyer |
| 2016 | NAACL | Hierarchical Attention Networks for Document Classification. | Zichao Yang, Diyi Yang, Chris Dyer, Xiaodong He, Alexander J. Smola, Eduard H. Hovy |
| 2015 | AAAI | Weakly-Supervised Grammar-Informed Bayesian CCG Parser Learning. | Dan Garrette, Chris Dyer, Jason Baldridge, Noah A. Smith |
| 2015 | ACL | Gaussian LDA for Topic Models with Word Embeddings. | Rajarshi Das, Manzil Zaheer, Chris Dyer |
| 2015 | ACL | Unifying Bayesian Inference and Vector Space Models for Improved Decipherment. | Qing Dou, Ashish Vaswani, Kevin Knight, Chris Dyer |
| 2015 | ACL | Transition-Based Dependency Parsing with Stack Long Short-Term Memory. | Chris Dyer, Miguel Ballesteros, Wang Ling, Austin Matthews, Noah A. Smith |
| 2015 | ACL | Non-distributional Word Vector Representations. | Manaal Faruqui, Chris Dyer |
| 2015 | ACL | Sparse Overcomplete Word Vector Representations. | Manaal Faruqui, Yulia Tsvetkov, Dani Yogatama, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2015 | ACL | Frame-Semantic Role Labeling with Heterogeneous Annotations. | Meghana Kshirsagar, Sam Thomson, Nathan Schneider, Jaime G. Carbonell, Noah A. Smith, Chris Dyer |
| 2015 | ACL | Automatic Keyword Extraction on Twitter. | Lus Marujo, Wang Ling, Isabel Trancoso, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, Anatole Gershman, David Martins de Matos, Joo Paulo da Silva Neto, Jaime G. Carbonell |
| 2015 | ACL | Lexicon Stratification for Translating Out-of-Vocabulary Words. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Chris Dyer |
| 2015 | CoNLL | A Supertag-Context Model for Weakly-Supervised CCG Parser Learning. | Dan Garrette, Chris Dyer, Jason Baldridge, Noah A. Smith |
| 2015 | EMNLP | Improved Transition-based Parsing by Modeling Characters instead of Words with LSTMs. | Miguel Ballesteros, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2015 | EMNLP | Finding Function in Form: Compositional Character Models for Open Vocabulary Word Representation. | Wang Ling, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, Isabel Trancoso, Ramon Fermandez, Silvio Amir, Lus Marujo, Tiago Lus |
| 2015 | EMNLP | Not All Contexts Are Created Equal: Better Word Representations with Variable Attention. | Wang Ling, Yulia Tsvetkov, Silvio Amir, Ramon Fermandez, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, Isabel Trancoso, Chu-Cheng Lin |
| 2015 | EMNLP | Evaluation of Word Vector Representations by Subspace Alignment. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Manaal Faruqui, Wang Ling, Guillaume Lample, Chris Dyer |
| 2015 | EMNLP | Humor Recognition and Humor Anchor Extraction. | Diyi Yang, Alon Lavie, Chris Dyer, Eduard H. Hovy |
| 2015 | ICML | Learning Word Representations with Hierarchical Sparse Coding. | Dani Yogatama, Manaal Faruqui, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2015 | NAACL | Retrofitting Word Vectors to Semantic Lexicons. | Manaal Faruqui, Jesse Dodge, Sujay Kumar Jauhar, Chris Dyer, Eduard H. Hovy, Noah A. Smith |
| 2015 | NAACL | Ontologically Grounded Multi-sense Representation Learning for Semantic Vector Space Models. | Sujay Kumar Jauhar, Chris Dyer, Eduard H. Hovy |
| 2015 | NAACL | Unsupervised POS Induction with Word Embeddings. | Chu-Cheng Lin, Waleed Ammar, Chris Dyer, Lori S. Levin |
| 2015 | NAACL | Two/Too Simple Adaptations of Word2Vec for Syntax Problems. | Wang Ling, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, Isabel Trancoso |
| 2015 | NAACL | Constraint-Based Models of Lexical Borrowing. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Waleed Ammar, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | ACL | Distributed Representations of Geographically Situated Language. | David Bamman, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2014 | ACL | Community Evaluation and Exchange of Word Vectors at wordvectors.org. | Manaal Faruqui, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | ACL | A Discriminative Graph-Based Parser for the Abstract Meaning Representation. | Jeffrey Flanigan, Sam Thomson, Jaime G. Carbonell, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2014 | ACL | Simplified Dependency Annotations with GFL-Web. | Michael T. Mordowanec, Nathan Schneider, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2014 | ACL | Metaphor Detection with Cross-Lingual Model Transfer. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Leonid Boytsov, Anatole Gershman, Eric Nyberg, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | AMTA | Real time adaptive machine translation: cdec and TransCenter. | Michael J. Denkowski, Alon Lavie, Isabel Lacruz, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | COLING | Automatic Classification of Communicative Functions of Definiteness. | Archna Bhatia, Chu-Cheng Lin, Nathan Schneider, Yulia Tsvetkov, Fatima Talib Al-Raisi, Laleh Roostapour, Jordan Bender, Abhimanu Kumar, Lori S. Levin, Mandy Simons, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | CoNLL | Weakly-Supervised Bayesian Learning of a CCG Supertagger. | Dan Garrette, Chris Dyer, Jason Baldridge, Noah A. Smith |
| 2014 | EACL | Learning from Post-Editing: Online Model Adaptation for Statistical Machine Translation. | Michael J. Denkowski, Chris Dyer, Alon Lavie |
| 2014 | EACL | Real Time Adaptive Machine Translation for Post-Editing with cdec and TransCenter. | Michael J. Denkowski, Alon Lavie, Isabel Lacruz, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | EACL | Improving Vector Space Word Representations Using Multilingual Correlation. | Manaal Faruqui, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | EACL | Augmenting Translation Models with Simulated Acoustic Confusions for Improved Spoken Language Translation. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Florian Metze, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | EMNLP | A Dependency Parser for Tweets. | Lingpeng Kong, Nathan Schneider, Swabha Swayamdipta, Archna Bhatia, Chris Dyer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2014 | EMNLP | Language Modeling with Power Low Rank Ensembles. | Ankur P. Parikh, Avneesh Saluja, Chris Dyer, Eric P. Xing |
| 2014 | EMNLP | Latent-Variable Synchronous CFGs for Hierarchical Translation. | Avneesh Saluja, Chris Dyer, Shay B. Cohen |
| 2014 | LREC | A Unified Annotation Scheme for the Semantic/Pragmatic Components of Definiteness. | Archna Bhatia, Mandy Simons, Lori S. Levin, Yulia Tsvetkov, Chris Dyer, Jordan Bender |
| 2014 | LREC | Augmenting English Adjective Senses with Supersenses. | Yulia Tsvetkov, Nathan Schneider, Dirk Hovy, Archna Bhatia, Manaal Faruqui, Chris Dyer |
| 2014 | LREC | Dual Subtitles as Parallel Corpora. | Shikun Zhang, Wang Ling, Chris Dyer |
| 2013 | ACL | An Information Theoretic Approach to Bilingual Word Clustering. | Manaal Faruqui, Chris Dyer |
| 2013 | ACL | Microblogs as Parallel Corpora. | Wang Ling, Guang Xiang, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, Isabel Trancoso |
| 2013 | EMNLP | Translating into Morphologically Rich Languages with Synthetic Phrases. | Victor Chahuneau, Eva Schlinger, Noah A. Smith, Chris Dyer |
| 2013 | EMNLP | A Systematic Exploration of Diversity in Machine Translation. | Kevin Gimpel, Dhruv Batra, Chris Dyer, Gregory Shakhnarovich |
| 2013 | EMNLP | Paraphrasing 4 Microblog Normalization. | Wang Ling, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, Isabel Trancoso |
| 2013 | NAACL | Knowledge-Rich Morphological Priors for Bayesian Language Models. | Victor Chahuneau, Noah A. Smith, Chris Dyer |
| 2013 | NAACL | A Simple, Fast, and Effective Reparameterization of IBM Model 2. | Chris Dyer, Victor Chahuneau, Noah A. Smith |
| 2013 | NAACL | Large-Scale Discriminative Training for Statistical Machine Translation Using Held-Out Line Search. | Jeffrey Flanigan, Chris Dyer, Jaime G. Carbonell |
| 2013 | NAACL | Improved Part-of-Speech Tagging for Online Conversational Text with Word Clusters. | Olutobi Owoputi, Brendan O'Connor, Chris Dyer, Kevin Gimpel, Nathan Schneider, Noah A. Smith |
| 2013 | NAACL | Supersense Tagging for Arabic: the MT-in-the-Middle Attack. | Nathan Schneider, Behrang Mohit, Chris Dyer, Kemal Oflazer, Noah A. Smith |
| 2012 | ACL | Joint Feature Selection in Distributed Stochastic Learning for Large-Scale Discriminative Training in SMT. | Patrick Simianer, Stefan Riezler, Chris Dyer |
| 2012 | COLING | Bayesian Language Modelling of German Compounds. | Jan A. Botha, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom |
| 2012 | EMNLP | A Bayesian Model for Learning SCFGs with Discontiguous Rules. | Abby D. Levenberg, Chris Dyer, Phil Blunsom |
| 2011 | ACL | Better Hypothesis Testing for Statistical Machine Translation: Controlling for Optimizer Instability. | Jonathan H. Clark, Chris Dyer, Alon Lavie, Noah A. Smith |
| 2011 | ACL | Unsupervised Word Alignment with Arbitrary Features. | Chris Dyer, Jonathan H. Clark, Alon Lavie, Noah A. Smith |
| 2011 | EMNLP | Unsupervised Bilingual POS Tagging with Markov Random Fields. | Desai Chen, Chris Dyer, Shay B. Cohen, Noah A. Smith |
| 2011 | EMNLP | Predicting a Scientific Community's Response to an Article. | Dani Yogatama, Michael Heilman, Brendan O'Connor, Chris Dyer, Bryan R. Routledge, Noah A. Smith |
| 2010 | ACL | cdec: A Decoder, Alignment, and Learning Framework for Finite-State and Context-Free Translation Models. | Chris Dyer, Adam Lopez, Juri Ganitkevitch, Jonathan Weese, Ferhan Tre, Phil Blunsom, Hendra Setiawan, Vladimir Eidelman, Philip Resnik |
| 2010 | NAACL | Two monolingual parses are better than one (synchronous parse). | Chris Dyer |
| 2010 | NAACL | Data-Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce. | Jimmy Lin, Chris Dyer |
| 2009 | ACL | A Gibbs Sampler for Phrasal Synchronous Grammar Induction. | Phil Blunsom, Trevor Cohn, Chris Dyer, Miles Osborne |
| 2009 | ACL | Efficient Minimum Error Rate Training and Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding for Translation Hypergraphs and Lattices. | Shankar Kumar, Wolfgang Macherey, Chris Dyer, Franz Josef Och |
| 2009 | ACL | Demonstration of Joshua: An Open Source Toolkit for Parsing-based Machine Translation. | Zhifei Li, Chris Callison-Burch, Chris Dyer, Juri Ganitkevitch, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Lane Schwartz, Wren N. G. Thornton, Jonathan Weese, Omar Zaidan |
| 2009 | CoNLL | Monte Carlo inference and maximization for phrase-based translation. | Abhishek Arun, Chris Dyer, Barry Haddow, Phil Blunsom, Adam Lopez, Philipp Koehn |
| 2009 | NAACL | Using a maximum entropy model to build segmentation lattices for MT. | Chris Dyer |
| 2009 | NAACL | Data Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce. | Jimmy Lin, Chris Dyer |
| 2007 | ACL | Moses: Open Source Toolkit for Statistical Machine Translation. | Philipp Koehn, Hieu Hoang, Alexandra Birch, Chris Callison-Burch, Marcello Federico, Nicola Bertoldi, Brooke Cowan, Wade Shen, Christine Moran, Richard Zens, Chris Dyer, Ondrej Bojar, Alexandra Constantin, Evan Herbst |