| 2026 | EACL | The Price of Thought: A Multilingual Analysis of Reasoning, Performance, and Cost of Negotiation in Large Language Models. | Sherzod Hakimov, Roland Bernard, Tim Leiber, Karl Osswald, Kristina Richert, Ruilin Yang, Raffaella Bernardi, David Schlangen |
| 2025 | ACL | LLMs instead of Human Judges? A Large Scale Empirical Study across 20 NLP Evaluation Tasks. | Anna Bavaresco, Raffaella Bernardi, Leonardo Bertolazzi, Desmond Elliott, Raquel Fernndez, Albert Gatt, Esam Ghaleb, Mario Giulianelli, Michael Hanna, Alexander Koller, Andr F. T. Martins, Philipp Mondorf, Vera Neplenbroek, Sandro Pezzelle, Barbara Plank, David Schlangen, Alessandro Suglia, Aditya K. Surikuchi, Ece Takmaz, Alberto Testoni |
| 2025 | ACL | Representations of Fact, Fiction and Forecast in Large Language Models: Epistemics and Attitudes. | Meng Li, Michael Vrazitulis, David Schlangen |
| 2025 | COLING | Using Game Play to Investigate Multimodal and Conversational Grounding in Large Multimodal Models. | Sherzod Hakimov, Yerkezhan Abdullayeva, Kushal Koshti, Antonia Schmidt, Yan Weiser, Anne Beyer, David Schlangen |
| 2025 | EMNLP | Playpen: An Environment for Exploring Learning From Dialogue Game Feedback. | Nicola Horst, Davide Mazzaccara, Antonia Schmidt, Michael Sullivan, Filippo Moment, Luca Franceschetti, Philipp Sadler, Sherzod Hakimov, Alberto Testoni, Raffaella Bernardi, Raquel Fernndez, Alexander Koller, Oliver Lemon, David Schlangen, Mario Giulianelli, Alessandro Suglia |
| 2025 | EMNLP | Triangulating LLM Progress through Benchmarks, Games, and Cognitive Tests. | Filippo Moment, Alessandro Suglia, Mario Giulianelli, Ambra Ferrari, Alexander Koller, Oliver Lemon, David Schlangen, Raquel Fernndez, Raffaella Bernardi |
| 2025 | IJCNLP | From Templates to Natural Language: Generalization Challenges in Instruction-Tuned LLMs for Spatial Reasoning. | Kranti Chalamalasetti, Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen |
| 2025 | SIGdial | clem: todd: A Framework for the Systematic Benchmarking of LLM-Based Task-Oriented Dialogue System Realisations. | Kranti Chalamalasetti, Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen |
| 2024 | ACL | When Only Time Will Tell: Interpreting How Transformers Process Local Ambiguities Through the Lens of Restart-Incrementality. | Brielen Madureira, Patrick Kahardipraja, David Schlangen |
| 2024 | CogSci | Effects of Eye Movement Patterns and Scene-Object Relations on Description Production. | Pelin elikkol, David Schlangen, Jochen Laubrock |
| 2024 | CogSci | Learning Part-whole Hierarchies from the Sequence of Handwriting. | Meng Li, David Schlangen, Dietrich Klakow |
| 2024 | COLING | Conceptual Pacts for Reference Resolution Using Small, Dynamically Constructed Language Models: A Study in Puzzle Building Dialogues. | Julian Hough, Sina Zarrie, Casey Kennington, David Schlangen, Massimo Poesio |
| 2024 | COLING | Sharing the Cost of Success: A Game for Evaluating and Learning Collaborative Multi-Agent Instruction Giving and Following Policies. | Philipp Sadler, Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen |
| 2024 | EMNLP | Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation for Situated Action Generation: A Case Study on Minecraft. | Kranti Chalamalasetti, Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen |
| 2024 | INLG | The Unreasonable Ineffectiveness of Nucleus Sampling on Mitigating Text Memorization. | Luka Borec, Philipp Sadler, David Schlangen |
| 2024 | SIGdial | A Dialogue Game for Eliciting Balanced Collaboration. | Isidora Jeknic, David Schlangen, Alexander Koller |
| 2024 | SIGdial | It Couldn't Help but Overhear: On the Limits of Modelling Meta-Communicative Grounding Acts with Supervised Learning. | Brielen Madureira, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | ACL | Images in Language Space: Exploring the Suitability of Large Language Models for Vision & Language Tasks. | Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | ACL | TAPIR: Learning Adaptive Revision for Incremental Natural Language Understanding with a Two-Pass Model. | Patrick Kahardipraja, Brielen Madureira, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | ACL | Yes, this Way! Learning to Ground Referring Expressions into Actions with Intra-episodic Feedback from Supportive Teachers. | Philipp Sadler, Sherzod Hakimov, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | CoNLL | Revising with a Backward Glance: Regressions and Skips during Reading as Cognitive Signals for Revision Policies in Incremental Processing. | Brielen Madureira, Pelin elikkol, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | EACL | Instruction Clarification Requests in Multimodal Collaborative Dialogue Games: Tasks, and an Analysis of the CoDraw Dataset. | Brielen Madureira, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | EACL | Pento-DIARef: A Diagnostic Dataset for Learning the Incremental Algorithm for Referring Expression Generation from Examples. | Philipp Sadler, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | EMNLP | clembench: Using Game Play to Evaluate Chat-Optimized Language Models as Conversational Agents. | Kranti Chalamalasetti, Jana Gtze, Sherzod Hakimov, Brielen Madureira, Philipp Sadler, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | EMNLP | On General Language Understanding. | David Schlangen |
| 2023 | ETRA | TF-IDF based Scene-Object Relations Correlate With Visual Attention. | Pelin elikkol, Jochen Laubrock, David Schlangen |
| 2023 | SIGdial | The Road to Quality is Paved with Good Revisions: A Detailed Evaluation Methodology for Revision Policies in Incremental Sequence Labelling. | Brielen Madureira, Patrick Kahardipraja, David Schlangen |
| 2022 | ACL | Can Visual Dialogue Models Do Scorekeeping? Exploring How Dialogue Representations Incrementally Encode Shared Knowledge. | Brielen Madureira, David Schlangen |
| 2022 | COLING | New or Old? Exploring How Pre-Trained Language Models Represent Discourse Entities. | Sharid Loiciga, Anne Beyer, David Schlangen |
| 2022 | LREC | The slurk Interaction Server Framework: Better Data for Better Dialog Models. | Jana Gtze, Maike Paetzel-Prsmann, Wencke Liermann, Tim Diekmann, David Schlangen |
| 2021 | ACL | Space Efficient Context Encoding for Non-Task-Oriented Dialogue Generation with Graph Attention Transformer. | Fabian Galetzka, Jewgeni Rose, David Schlangen, Jens Lehmann |
| 2021 | ACL | Targeting the Benchmark: On Methodology in Current Natural Language Processing Research. | David Schlangen |
| 2021 | EMNLP | Towards Incremental Transformers: An Empirical Analysis of Transformer Models for Incremental NLU. | Patrick Kahardipraja, Brielen Madureira, David Schlangen |
| 2021 | NAACL | Is Incoherence Surprising? Targeted Evaluation of Coherence Prediction from Language Models. | Anne Beyer, Sharid Loiciga, David Schlangen |
| 2020 | EMNLP | Incremental Processing in the Age of Non-Incremental Encoders: An Empirical Assessment of Bidirectional Models for Incremental NLU. | Brielen Madureira, David Schlangen |
| 2020 | INLG | From "Before" to "After": Generating Natural Language Instructions from Image Pairs in a Simple Visual Domain. | Robin Rojowiec, Jana Gtze, Philipp Sadler, Henrik Voigt, Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2020 | LREC | A Corpus of Controlled Opinionated and Knowledgeable Movie Discussions for Training Neural Conversation Models. | Fabian Galetzka, Chukwuemeka Uchenna Eneh, David Schlangen |
| 2019 | ACL | Know What You Don't Know: Modeling a Pragmatic Speaker that Refers to Objects of Unknown Categories. | Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2019 | INLG | Tell Me More: A Dataset of Visual Scene Description Sequences. | Nikolai Ilinykh, Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2019 | INLG | Can Neural Image Captioning be Controlled via Forced Attention? | Philipp Sadler, Tatjana Scheffler, David Schlangen |
| 2019 | SIGdial | From Explainability to Explanation: Using a Dialogue Setting to Elicit Annotations with Justifications. | Nazia Attari, Martin Heckmann, David Schlangen |
| 2018 | AAAI | Placing Objects in Gesture Space: Toward Incremental Interpretation of Multimodal Spatial Descriptions. | Ting Han, Casey Kennington, David Schlangen |
| 2018 | HRI | The Hesitating Robot - Implementation and First Impressions. | Birte Carlmeyer, Simon Betz, Petra Wagner, Britta Wrede, David Schlangen |
| 2018 | INLG | The Task Matters: Comparing Image Captioning and Task-Based Dialogical Image Description. | Nikolai Ilinykh, Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2018 | INLG | Decoding Strategies for Neural Referring Expression Generation. | Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2018 | LREC | A Corpus of Natural Multimodal Spatial Scene Descriptions. | Ting Han, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | ACL | Obtaining referential word meanings from visual and distributional information: Experiments on object naming. | Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | EACL | Joint, Incremental Disfluency Detection and Utterance Segmentation from Speech. | Julian Hough, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | EACL | Grounding Language by Continuous Observation of Instruction Following. | Ting Han, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | EACL | Is this a Child, a Girl or a Car? Exploring the Contribution of Distributional Similarity to Learning Referential Word Meanings. | Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | EMNLP | Deriving continous grounded meaning representations from referentially structured multimodal contexts. | Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | HRI | It's Not What You Do, It's How You Do It: Grounding Uncertainty for a Simple Robot. | Julian Hough, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | ICMI | Temporal alignment using the incremental unit framework. | Casey Kennington, Ting Han, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | IJCNLP | Natural Language Informs the Interpretation of Iconic Gestures: A Computational Approach. | Ting Han, Julian Hough, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | IJCNLP | Draw and Tell: Multimodal Descriptions Outperform Verbal- or Sketch-Only Descriptions in an Image Retrieval Task. | Ting Han, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | INLG | Refer-iTTS: A System for Referring in Spoken Installments to Objects in Real-World Images. | Sina Zarrie, Soledad Lpez Gambino, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | Interspeech | Towards Deep End-of-Turn Prediction for Situated Spoken Dialogue Systems. | Angelika Maier, Julian Hough, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | IVA | Silence, Please! Interrupting In-Car Phone Conversations. | Soledad Lpez Gambino, Casey Kennington, David Schlangen |
| 2017 | IVA | The Intelligent Coaching Space: A Demonstration. | Iwan de Kok, Felix Hlsmann, Thomas Waltemate, Cornelia Frank, Julian Hough, Thies Pfeiffer, David Schlangen, Thomas Schack, Mario Botsch, Stefan Kopp |
| 2017 | SIGdial | Beyond On-hold Messages: Conversational Time-buying in Task-oriented Dialogue. | Soledad Lpez Gambino, Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2016 | ACL | Resolving References to Objects in Photographs using the Words-As-Classifiers Model. | David Schlangen, Sina Zarrie, Casey Kennington |
| 2016 | ACL | Easy Things First: Installments Improve Referring Expression Generation for Objects in Photographs. | Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2016 | HAI | "Look at Me!": Self-Interruptions as Attention Booster? | Birte Carlmeyer, David Schlangen, Britta Wrede |
| 2016 | HAI | Are you talking to me?: Improving the Robustness of Dialogue Systems in a Multi Party HRI Scenario by Incorporating Gaze Direction and Lip Movement of Attendees. | Viktor Richter, Birte Carlmeyer, Florian Lier, Sebastian Meyer zu Borgsen, David Schlangen, Franz Kummert, Sven Wachsmuth, Britta Wrede |
| 2016 | ICMI | Exploring self-interruptions as a strategy for regaining the attention of distracted users. | Birte Carlmeyer, David Schlangen, Britta Wrede |
| 2016 | ICMI | Deictic gestures in coaching interactions. | Iwan de Kok, Julian Hough, David Schlangen, Stefan Kopp |
| 2016 | INLG | Towards Generating Colour Terms for Referents in Photographs: Prefer the Expected or the Unexpected? | Sina Zarrie, David Schlangen |
| 2016 | LREC | How to Address Smart Homes with a Social Robot? A Multi-modal Corpus of User Interactions with an Intelligent Environment. | Patrick Holthaus, Christian Leichsenring, Jasmin Bernotat, Viktor Richter, Marian Pohling, Birte Carlmeyer, Norman Kster, Sebastian Meyer zu Borgsen, Ren Zorn, Birte Schiffhauer, Kai Frederic Engelmann, Florian Lier, Simon Schulz, Philipp Cimiano, Friederike Eyssel, Thomas Hermann, Franz Kummert, David Schlangen, Sven Wachsmuth, Petra Wagner, Britta Wrede, Sebastian Wrede |
| 2016 | LREC | DUEL: A Multi-lingual Multimodal Dialogue Corpus for Disfluency, Exclamations and Laughter. | Julian Hough, Ye Tian, Laura E. de Ruiter, Simon Betz, Spyros Kousidis, David Schlangen, Jonathan Ginzburg |
| 2016 | LREC | PentoRef: A Corpus of Spoken References in Task-oriented Dialogues. | Sina Zarrie, Julian Hough, Casey Kennington, Ramesh R. Manuvinakurike, David DeVault, Raquel Fernndez, David Schlangen |
| 2016 | SIGdial | Investigating Fluidity for Human-Robot Interaction with Real-time, Real-world Grounding Strategies. | Julian Hough, David Schlangen |
| 2016 | SIGdial | Supporting Spoken Assistant Systems with a Graphical User Interface that Signals Incremental Understanding and Prediction State. | Casey Kennington, David Schlangen |
| 2016 | SIGdial | Real-Time Understanding of Complex Discriminative Scene Descriptions. | Ramesh R. Manuvinakurike, Casey Kennington, David DeVault, David Schlangen |
| 2016 | SIGdial | Toward incremental dialogue act segmentation in fast-paced interactive dialogue systems. | Ramesh R. Manuvinakurike, Maike Paetzel, Cheng Qu, David Schlangen, David DeVault |
| 2015 | ACL | Simple Learning and Compositional Application of Perceptually Grounded Word Meanings for Incremental Reference Resolution. | Casey Kennington, David Schlangen |
| 2015 | ICMI | A Multimodal System for Real-Time Action Instruction in Motor Skill Learning. | Iwan de Kok, Julian Hough, Felix Hlsmann, Mario Botsch, David Schlangen, Stefan Kopp |
| 2015 | Interspeech | Micro-structure of disfluencies: basics for conversational speech synthesis. | Simon Betz, Petra Wagner, David Schlangen |
| 2015 | Interspeech | Recurrent neural networks for incremental disfluency detection. | Julian Hough, David Schlangen |
| 2015 | NAACL | Incrementally Tracking Reference in Human/Human Dialogue Using Linguistic and Extra-Linguistic Information. | Casey Kennington, Ryu Iida, Takenobu Tokunaga, David Schlangen |
| 2014 | COLING | Situated Incremental Natural Language Understanding using a Multimodal, Linguistically-driven Update Model. | Casey Kennington, Spyros Kousidis, David Schlangen |
| 2014 | EACL | Situationally Aware In-Car Information Presentation Using Incremental Speech Generation: Safer, and More Effective. | Spyros Kousidis, Casey Kennington, Timo Baumann, Hendrik Buschmeier, Stefan Kopp, David Schlangen |
| 2014 | ICMI | Towards Closed Feedback Loops in HRI: Integrating InproTK and PaMini. | Birte Carlmeyer, David Schlangen, Britta Wrede |
| 2014 | ICMI | A Multimodal In-Car Dialogue System That Tracks The Driver's Attention. | Spyros Kousidis, Casey Kennington, Timo Baumann, Hendrik Buschmeier, Stefan Kopp, David Schlangen |
| 2014 | SIGdial | InproTKs: A Toolkit for Incremental Situated Processing. | Casey Kennington, Spyros Kousidis, David Schlangen |
| 2013 | Interspeech | MINT.tools: tools and adaptors supporting acquisition, annotation and analysis of multimodal corpora. | Spyros Kousidis, Thies Pfeiffer, David Schlangen |
| 2013 | Interspeech | A cross-linguistic study on turn-taking and temporal alignment in verbal interaction. | Spyros Kousidis, David Schlangen, Stavros Skopeteas |
| 2013 | SIGdial | Open-ended, Extensible System Utterances Are Preferred, Even If They Require Filled Pauses. | Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2013 | SIGdial | Interpreting Situated Dialogue Utterances: an Update Model that Uses Speech, Gaze, and Gesture Information. | Casey Kennington, Spyros Kousidis, David Schlangen |
| 2013 | SIGdial | Investigating speaker gaze and pointing behaviour in human-computer interaction with the mint.tools collection. | Spyros Kousidis, Casey Kennington, David Schlangen |
| 2012 | ACL | INPRO_iSS: A Component for Just-In-Time Incremental Speech Synthesis. | Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2012 | EACL | Joint Satisfaction of Syntactic and Pragmatic Constraints Improves Incremental Spoken Language Understanding. | Andreas Peldszus, Okko Bu, Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2012 | Interspeech | Evaluating Prosodic Processing for Incremental Speech Synthesis. | Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2012 | NAACL | The InproTK 2012 release. | Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2012 | NAACL | The Future of Spoken Dialogue Systems is in their Past: Long-Term Adaptive, Conversational Assistants. | David Schlangen |
| 2012 | SIGdial | Combining Incremental Language Generation and Incremental Speech Synthesis for Adaptive Information Presentation. | Hendrik Buschmeier, Timo Baumann, Benjamin Dosch, Stefan Kopp, David Schlangen |
| 2012 | SIGdial | Markov Logic Networks for Situated Incremental Natural Language Understanding. | Casey Kennington, David Schlangen |
| 2011 | SIGdial | Predicting the Micro-Timing of User Input for an Incremental Spoken Dialogue System that Completes a User's Ongoing Turn. | Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2010 | SIGdial | Collaborating on Utterances with a Spoken Dialogue System Using an ISU-based Approach to Incremental Dialogue Management. | Okko Bu, Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2010 | SIGdial | Comparing Local and Sequential Models for Statistical Incremental Natural Language Understanding. | Silvan Heintze, Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2010 | SIGdial | Middleware for Incremental Processing in Conversational Agents. | David Schlangen, Timo Baumann, Hendrik Buschmeier, Okko Bu, Stefan Kopp, Gabriel Skantze, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh |
| 2009 | EACL | A General, Abstract Model of Incremental Dialogue Processing. | David Schlangen, Gabriel Skantze |
| 2009 | EACL | Incremental Dialogue Processing in a Micro-Domain. | Gabriel Skantze, David Schlangen |
| 2009 | Interspeech | No sooner said than done? testing incrementality of semantic interpretations of spontaneous speech. | Michaela Atterer, Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2009 | Interspeech | Evaluating the potential utility of ASR n-best lists for incremental spoken dialogue systems. | Timo Baumann, Okko Bu, Michaela Atterer, David Schlangen |
| 2009 | NAACL | Assessing and Improving the Performance of Speech Recognition for Incremental Systems. | Timo Baumann, Michaela Atterer, David Schlangen |
| 2009 | SIGdial | TELIDA: A Package for Manipulation and Visualization of Timed Linguistic Data. | Titus von der Malsburg, Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2009 | SIGdial | Incremental Reference Resolution: The Task, Metrics for Evaluation, and a Bayesian Filtering Model that is Sensitive to Disfluencies. | David Schlangen, Timo Baumann, Michaela Atterer |
| 2008 | COLING | Towards Incremental End-of-Utterance Detection in Dialogue Systems. | Michaela Atterer, Timo Baumann, David Schlangen |
| 2008 | SIGdial | A Simple Method for Resolution of Definite Reference in a Shared Visual Context. | Alexander Siebert, David Schlangen |
| 2007 | Interspeech | Speaking through a noisy channel - experiments on inducing clarification behaviour in human-human dialogue. | David Schlangen, Raquel Fernndez |
| 2007 | SIGdial | Referring under Restricted Interactivity Conditions. | Raquel Fernndez, Tatjana Lucht, David Schlangen |
| 2007 | SIGdial | Beyond Repair - Testing the Limits of the Conversational Repair System. | David Schlangen, Raquel Fernndez |
| 2007 | SIGdial | An Implemented Method for Distributed Collection and Assessment of Speech Data. | Alexander Siebert, David Schlangen, Raquel Fernndez |
| 2006 | Interspeech | From reaction to prediction: experiments with computational models of turn-taking. | David Schlangen |
| 2005 | ACL | Towards Finding and Fixing Fragments-Using ML to Identify Non-Sentential Utterances and their Antecedents in Multi-Party Dialogue. | David Schlangen |
| 2004 | SIGdial | Causes and Strategies for Requesting Clarification in Dialogue. | David Schlangen |
| 2003 | SIGdial | The interpretation of non-sentential utterances in dialogue. | David Schlangen, Alex Lascarides |